Problems updating from Win 8 to Win 8.1

Hi everyone! I seem to be having a problem updating my Win 8 OS to Win 8.1. Every time I do the update it downloads, then loads the update, then reboots. From here it gets hung up starting back up and stays on the HP splash screen. From here one of two things happens: 1. It keeps trying to start up (I have left it overnight for about 8 hours before) or 2. It starts to recover my old Windows installation and I get the error "Couldn't update to Windows 8.1. 0xC1900101 - 0x20040017" I have looked this up and tried restarting some update services and also tried the Windows System Update Readiness tool to try and fix errors with Windows Update. I have also tried DISM to fix update errors with no luck. Nothing is plugged in and all my drivers seem to be updated. I use windows defender and have all third party software disabled on my start up. I'm kind of at a loss. Another thing to point out is that I had windows 8.1 before. My kid dropped the laptop a few inches and I had problems so I restarted the whole laptop with windows 8 again and now I can't update back. Works fine with Windows 8. Any suggestions? Below is my system specs:

HP Pavilion G4 laptop
Windows 8 x64
AMD a6-4400m processor
4 GB RAM

 

Your suggestions worked. How silly of me to think that Windows would be able to tell me if I needed to update my drivers through device manager. The hp support site was able to tell me I needed to update several drivers, namely amd graphics driver. Thanks for your links.